Government Spending and Inflation. Part 14B – Deflation
This is the second of two posts to analyze the eleven significant deflationary periods for the years 1914-2022. The first post was Part 14A.1
From image by Nicolae Baltatescu from Pixabay
This is the second of two posts to analyze the eleven significant deflationary periods for the years 1914-2022. The first post was Part 14A.1
From image by Nicolae Baltatescu from Pixabay
Now Final. Sorry for the delay. It was 90% complete when published last night but I wanted to take the time to adjust the commentary and swap out two graphics.
This article is based primarily on the July 5, 2023, 2023, USDA Crop Bulletin which covers the June 25 to July 2 period of time. The USDA report usually becomes available on Tuesdays but due to the Fourth of July Holiday, it was published on Wednesday. For some reason, I forgot to publish my article Wednesday night and I remembered to do that on Friday
It now seems more like an average crop but it has not gotten worse which is a relief. Both corn and soybeans had a very good start but the quality of the crop has been somewhat compromised by drought. Soybeans are doing a bit better than corn. The condition report was about the same this week which is good given the weather. The weather outlooks are mostly favorable.
We also include the recent report on peanut prices. I vary these reports to give readers information on different crops.
The article includes a short international review of agricultural conditions.
Short Range Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
310 PM EDT Sat Jul 08 2023Valid 00Z Sun Jul 09 2023 – 00Z Tue Jul 11 2023
…Heavy rain and instances of flash flooding likely across parts of the
Northeast on Sunday, with the threat lingering across New England on
Monday……Additional rounds of severe weather and flash flooding persist across
the Central/Southern Plains and Lower Mississippi Valley through this
weekend……Anomalously hot weather continues for portions of the Southwest, West
Texas, interior Pacific Northwest, and Florida Peninsula…
*Stock data, cryptocurrency, and commodity prices at the market closing.
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 209,000 in June 2023, and the unemployment rate changed little at 3.6% percent. Employment continued to trend up in government, health care, social assistance, and construction. There was a reasonable correlation with the 209,000 in the establishment survey as the household survey showed employment growth of 273,000. I consider this report reasonably good with employment growth continuing to grow faster than population growth. Employment continues to be the star of this economic cycle.
Click on the “Read More” below to access these, other headlines, and the associated news summaries moving the markets today.
Short Range Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
313 PM EDT Fri Jul 07 2023Valid 00Z Sat Jul 08 2023 – 00Z Mon Jul 10 2023
…Locally heavy rainfall and flash flooding possible across the Northeast
through tonight, with another bout of intense rainfall likely on Sunday……Additional rounds of severe weather and flash flooding persist across
the Central and Southern Plains through this weekend as the threat
gradually slides eastward into the Tennessee and Lower Mississippi
Valley……Hot weather continues for portions of the Southwest, West Texas,
interior Pacific Northwest, and Florida Peninsula…
*Stock data, cryptocurrency, and commodity prices at the market closing.
ADP says private employers created 497,000 jobs in June 2023 and annual pay was up 6.4% year-over-year. Leisure/hospitality, construction, and trade/transportation made up the majority of the gains. Employment shows no signs of an approaching recession.
The U.S. monthly international trade deficit decreased in May 2023 as imports declined 0.9% year-over-year whilst exports rose 7.0% year-over-year. The import data suggests slowing economic growth as imports have been slowing for the last year.
The number of job openings decreased to 9.8 million on the last business day of May 2023. Job openings have been in a downtrend for over one year – but they remain historically high which suggests a strong employment market.
According to Challenger, U.S.-based employers announced 40,709 job cuts in June 2023, down 49% from the 80,089 cuts announced in May. It is up 25% from the 32,517 announced in the same month one year prior.
In the week ending July 1, the advance figure for seasonally adjusted initial unemployment claims 4-week moving average was 253,250, a decrease of 3,500 from the previous week’s revised average. The previous week’s average was revised down by 750 from 257,500 to 256,750.
In June 2023, the ISM Services PMI® registered 53.9 percent, 3.6 percentage points higher than May’s reading of 50.3 percent. The Business Activity Index registered 59.2 percent, a 7.7-percentage point increase compared to the reading of 51.5 percent in May. Readings between 50 and 55 suggest a sluggish economy.
Seasonally adjusted, a net 36% of owners reported raising compensation in June, down five points from May and the lowest since May 2021. A net 22% of owners plan to raise compensation in the next three months, according to NFIB’s monthly jobs report. NFIB Chief Economist Bill Dunkelberg stated:
The labor force participation rate remains below pre-COVID levels, which is contributing to the tight labor market seen on Main Street. With labor demand remaining strong, owners will have to continue raising compensation to compete and fill their open positions, although that pressure is easing a bit.
Click on the “Read More” below to access these, other headlines, and the associated news summaries moving the markets today.
Short Range Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
353 PM EDT Thu Jul 06 2023Valid 00Z Fri Jul 07 2023 – 00Z Sun Jul 09 2023
…Additional rounds of severe weather with heavy rainfall and flash
flooding chances persist across the central Plains through late week,
reaching into the Mississippi Valley by Saturday……Hot weather continues over the interior Northwest and parts of the East
while Excessive Heat Warnings and Critical Fire Risk remain in effect for
Arizona…
*Stock data, cryptocurrency, and commodity prices at the market closing.
New orders for manufactured goods in May 2023 were down 0.1% year-over-year (blue line on the graph below) according to US Census. Inflation according to the producer price index for manufacturing is currently -4.0% year-over-year which means inflation-adjusted new orders are up 3.8% year-over-year (red line on the graph below). As a comparison, the Federal Reserve’s industrial production manufacturing is down 0.3% year-over-year (green line on the graph below). Pick the number you want to believe but most of the data points show manufacturing is in a recession.
The Federal Reserves FOMC meeting minutes for June 13–14, 2023 were released today. Their summarization of the current situation was on the mark:
Participants generally judged that growth would be subdued over the remainder of this year. They assessed that the cumulative tightening of monetary policy over the past year had contributed significantly to more restrictive financial conditions and lower demand in the most interest rate sensitive sectors of the economy, especially housing and business investment. Participants also acknowledged uncertainty about the lags with which monetary policy affects the economy and discussed the extent to which the full effects of monetary tightening on the economy had been realized. While total inflation had moderated over the past year, core inflation had not shown a sustained easing since the beginning of the year. With inflation well above the Committee’s longer-run 2 percent objective, participants expected that a period of below-trend growth in real GDP and some softening in labor market conditions would be needed to bring aggregate supply and aggregate demand into better balance and reduce inflationary pressures sufficiently to return inflation to 2 percent over time.
And their explanation of why they did not raise the federal funds rate at this meeting:
… participants concurred that while inflation had moderated since the middle of 2022, it remained well above the Committee’s longer-run goal of 2 percent. Economic activity had continued to expand at a modest pace. The labor market remained very tight, with robust job gains in recent months and the unemployment rate still low, but there were some signs that supply and demand in the labor market were coming into better balance. The economy was facing headwinds from tighter credit conditions, including higher interest rates, for households and businesses, which would likely weigh on economic activity, hiring, and inflation, although the extent of these effect remained uncertain. Against this backdrop, and in consideration of the significant cumulative tightening in the stance of monetary policy and the lags with which policy affects economic activity and inflation, almost all participants judged it appropriate or acceptable to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 5 to 5-1/4 percent at this meeting. Most of these participants observed that leaving the target range unchanged at this meeting would allow them more time to assess the economy’s progress toward the Committee’s goals of maximum employment and price stability. Some participants indicated that they favored raising the target range for the federal funds rate 25 basis points at this meeting or that they could have supported such a proposal. The participants favoring a 25 basis point increase noted that the labor market remained very tight, momentum in economic activity had been stronger than earlier anticipated, and there were few clear signs that inflation was on a path to return to the Committee’s 2 percent objective over time. All participants agreed that it was appropriate to continue the process of reducing the Federal Reserve’s securities holdings, as described in its previously announced Plans for Reducing the Size of the Federal Reserve’s Balance Sheet.
But concluding the discussion “all participants noted that in their economic projections that they judged that additional increases in the target federal funds rate during 2023 would be appropriate“.
Click on the “Read More” below to access these, other headlines, and the associated news summaries moving the markets today.
Short Range Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
346 PM EDT Wed Jul 05 2023Valid 00Z Thu Jul 06 2023 – 00Z Sat Jul 08 2023
…Severe weather and heavy rainfall/flash flooding chances persist across
the central Plains through at least Friday……Heat reaches its peak intensity over portions of the Pacific Northwest
today (Wednesday) while Excessive Heat Warnings and Critical Fire Risk are
in effect for Arizona…
Markets are closed today, but here are the headlines we are reading:
Click on the “Read More” below to access these, other headlines, and the associated news summaries.